IOS學(xué)習(xí)筆記十二(類(lèi)別和擴(kuò)展)

1、類(lèi)別(category)和擴(kuò)展

類(lèi)別:OC動(dòng)態(tài)特征許使用類(lèi)別添加新的方法，不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建子類(lèi)

擴(kuò)展：和類(lèi)別相似，擴(kuò)展相對(duì)于匿名類(lèi)別

2、使用格式
類(lèi)別：

    @interface 已有類(lèi)(類(lèi)別名)
     
    …
     
    @end

    @implmentaion 已有類(lèi)(類(lèi)別名)
     
    …
     
    @end

擴(kuò)展：

    @imterface 也有類(lèi)()
    {
        實(shí)例變量
    }
    //方法
     
    ...
     
    @end

 
3、哪些功能

1)、給一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的類(lèi)增加類(lèi)別，然后實(shí)現(xiàn)其方法

2)、模塊化設(shè)計(jì)

3)、調(diào)用私有方法（沒(méi)有在接口部分定義而是在類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)部分定義的方法相對(duì)于私有方法，不許調(diào)用），通過(guò)定義向前引用，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)私有方法調(diào)用


4、測(cè)試類(lèi)別Demo
NSNumer+fk.h

    #ifndef NSNumber_fk_h
    #define NSNumber_fk_h
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @interface NSNumber(fk)
    -(NSNumber *)add:(double)num2;
    -(NSNumber *)sub:(double)num2;
    @end
     
    #endif /* NSNumber_fk_h */


NSNumer+fk.m

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import "NSNumber+fk.h"
     
    @implementation NSNumber(fk)
    -(NSNumber *)add:(double)num2
    {
        return [NSNumber numberWithDouble:([self doubleValue] + num2)];
    }
    -(NSNumber *)sub:(double)num2
    {
        return [NSNumber numberWithDouble:([self doubleValue] - num2)];
    }
    @end

 
MyApple.h

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
     
    #ifndef MyApple_h
    #define MyApple_h
    @interface MyApple : NSObject
    @property (nonatomic, assign) double weight;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *color;
    //java方法構(gòu)造方法一般沒(méi)有返回，oc這里需要返回id,記住
    -(id)initWithColor:(NSString *)color weight:(double)weight;
    @end


MyApple.m

    #import "MyApple.h"
    //#import "MyApple+fk.h"
     
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @implementation MyApple
    @synthesize color = _color;
    @synthesize weight = _weight;
    -(id)initWithColor:(NSString *)color weight:(double)weight
    {
        if (self = [super init])
        {
            self.color = color;
            self.weight = weight;
        }
        return self;
    }
     
    -(NSString *) description
    {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<MyApple[color=%@, weight=%g]>", self.color, self.weight];
    }
    -(void)test
    {
        NSLog(@"this is test method");
    }
    @end


MyApple+fk.h

    #import "MyApple.h"
     
    #ifndef MyApple_fk_h
    #define MyApple_fk_h
    @interface MyApple(fk)
    -(void)test;
    @end
    #endif /* MyApple_fk_h */

 

main.h

 
    #import "MyApple.h"
    #import "NSNumber+fk.h"
    #import "MyApple+fk.h"
     
    int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
        @autoreleasepool {
            NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.5];
            NSLog(@"3.5 - 2 is %@", [num sub:2]);
            NSLog(@"3.5 + 2 is %@", [num add:2]);
            MyApple *apple = [[MyApple alloc] initWithColor:@"red" weight:5.6];
            NSLog(@"%@", apple);
            //No visible @interface for 'MyApple' declares the selector 'test'
            [apple test];
        }
    }


5、運(yùn)行類(lèi)別結(jié)果

    3.5 - 2 is 1.5
    3.5 + 2 is 5.5
    <MyApple[color=red, weight=5.6]>
    this is test method

 
6、測(cè)試擴(kuò)展的Demo

Car.h

    #ifndef Car_h
    #define Car_h
     
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @interface Car : NSObject
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *brand;
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *model;
    -(void)drive;
    @end
    #endif /* Car_h */


Car+drive.h

    #import "Car.h"
    #ifndef Car_drive_h
    #define Car_drive_h
     
    @interface Car()
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *color;
    -(void)drive:(NSString *)owner;
    @end
     
    #endif /* Car_drive_h */


Car.m

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import "Car+drive.h"
     
    @implementation Car
    @synthesize brand;
    @synthesize model;
    @synthesize color;
     
    -(void)drive
    {
        NSLog(@"%@汽車(chē)正在路上奔馳",self);
    }
    -(void)drive:(NSString *)owner
    {
        NSLog(@"%@正駕駛%@汽車(chē)在路上奔馳", owner, self);
    }
    -(NSString *)description
    {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<Car [brand=%@, model=%@, color=%@]>", self.brand, self.model, self.color];
    }
    @end

main.m

    #import "Car+drive.h"
    int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
        @autoreleasepool {
            Car *car = [Car new];
            car.brand = @"奔馳";
            car.model = @"S300";
            car.color = @"red";
            [car drive];
            [car drive:@"chenyu"];
        }
    }



7、運(yùn)行擴(kuò)展的結(jié)果

    <Car [brand=奔馳, model=S300, color=red]>汽車(chē)正在路上奔馳
    chenyu正駕駛<Car [brand=奔馳, model=S300, color=red]>汽車(chē)在路上奔馳



 

 

 
 
作者：chen.yu
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